Use of Palm Kernel Expeller: 5 Powerful Applications Explained

The global demand for sustainable and cost-effective materials has put a spotlight on the versatile use of palm kernel expeller (PKE). Once seen merely as a byproduct of palm oil processing, PKE has transformed into a valuable commodity in agriculture and renewable energy. Its unique nutritional profile and affordability have made it indispensable.

This guide explores the five most powerful applications of PKE, offering a complete overview for industry professionals, farmers, and investors. Understanding the full potential of this resource is key to leveraging it effectively in a circular economy.

Table of Contents

• What is Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)?
• The Nutritional Value Driving the Use of Palm Kernel Expeller
• The Primary Use of Palm Kernel Expeller: Animal Feed
  • PKE Use for Ruminant Animals (Cattle, Goats, Sheep)
  • PKE Use for Monogastric Animals (Poultry & Swine)
  • Exploring the Use of Palm Kernel Expeller in Aquaculture
• Industrial Use of Palm Kernel Expeller Beyond Feed
• Benefits vs. Limitations of Using PKE
• Sourcing High-Quality Palm Products
• Conclusion: The Sustainable Future for PKE

What is Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)?

Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) is the solid, protein-rich material left after the mechanical extraction of oil from the Palm Kernel. In this process, palm kernels are crushed and pressed to squeeze out the valuable Palm Kernel Oil. The remaining fibrous cake is PKE.

It’s crucial to distinguish PKE from Palm Kernel Cake (PKC). Although often used interchangeably, PKC can also refer to residue from solvent extraction, which yields lower residual oil. The mechanical expeller process for PKE ensures a higher energy value, making it a distinct and sought-after product. This distinction is vital for understanding the specific use of palm kernel expeller in different sectors.

The Nutritional Value Driving the Use of Palm Kernel Expeller

The nutritional composition of PKE is the primary reason for its widespread adoption in animal nutrition. While exact values depend on oil extraction efficiency, PKE offers a balanced profile of protein, fiber, and energy. A detailed look at its composition reveals why the main use of palm kernel expeller is in livestock feed.

• Crude Protein: Typically 14-18%, essential for animal growth.
• Crude Fiber: High content, usually 16-22%, which aids digestion in ruminants.
• Fat/Oil: A residual oil content of 5-12% provides a significant energy source.
• Minerals: Contains key minerals like phosphorus, magnesium, and iron.

This unique blend of moderate protein and high fiber is central to its application. For a deeper analysis, academic sources like the Journal of Animals provide extensive data on its value in animal diets.

The Primary Use of Palm Kernel Expeller: Animal Feed

By far, the most significant global application is the use of palm kernel expeller as a core ingredient in compound animal feed. Its affordability compared to traditional protein sources like soybean meal makes it an economically sound choice for feed producers. High-quality Palm Kernel Expeller is a staple in feed formulations across Southeast Asia, New Zealand, and Europe.

PKE Use for Ruminant Animals (Cattle, Goats, Sheep)

Ruminants are the largest consumers of PKE. Their complex digestive systems can efficiently process the high fiber content. For dairy and beef cattle, PKE provides bypass protein and energy, boosting milk production and weight gain while promoting healthy rumen function. This specific use of palm kernel expeller makes it a foundational element in many total mixed ration (TMR) formulas.

PKE Use for Monogastric Animals (Poultry & Swine)

The use of palm kernel expeller in diets for monogastric animals like poultry and pigs is more nuanced but growing. Its high fiber can be challenging for their simpler digestive systems, so it’s typically included at lower levels (5-10% of the diet). However, advancements in feed technology, such as using enzyme supplements to break down fibers, are making PKE more digestible and effective for these animals.

Exploring the Use of Palm Kernel Expeller in Aquaculture

The aquaculture industry continuously seeks sustainable, plant-based proteins to replace fishmeal. PKE is a promising alternative for herbivorous and omnivorous fish like tilapia and carp. While fiber content requires careful management of inclusion levels, it serves as an effective and affordable partial substitute for more expensive ingredients, supporting sustainable fish farming.

Industrial Use of Palm Kernel Expeller Beyond Feed

While animal feed is its primary market, the industrial use of palm kernel expeller is a rapidly growing field, particularly in renewable energy. Its high biomass content makes it a valuable fuel source.

PKE is often burned in boilers at palm oil mills to generate steam and electricity, creating a self-sustaining energy loop. It can also be converted into solid biofuel pellets. These pellets, similar to those made from Palm Kernel Shell, can be transported and used in power plants as a cleaner, renewable alternative to coal, aligning with global bioenergy goals outlined by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Benefits vs. Limitations of Using PKE

To fully appreciate the use of palm kernel expeller, it’s essential to weigh its advantages against its drawbacks.

Key Benefits:

• Cost-Effective: Significantly cheaper than many conventional protein and energy feeds.
• High Availability: Abundantly available year-round in palm oil-producing regions.
• Sustainable: Utilizes a byproduct, reducing waste and promoting a circular economy.

Potential Limitations:

• High Fiber Content: Can limit its application in monogastric diets without enzyme treatment.
• Palatability: Its gritty texture can sometimes reduce feed intake if not mixed properly.
• Storage Challenges: High moisture and oil content can lead to mold if not stored in dry, cool conditions. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) provides guidelines for safe feed storage.

Sourcing High-Quality Palm Products

Makmur Amanah Sejahtera provides high-quality palm products such as Palm Kernel Expeller, Palm Kernel Shell, Crude Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, etc. Kindly contact us at WhatsApp +6282140002198 or email us at admin@makmuramanah.co.id.

Conclusion: The Sustainable Future for PKE

The use of palm kernel expeller has successfully transitioned from waste management to a cornerstone of the animal feed and bioenergy sectors. Its role as a cost-effective feed for ruminants is solidified, while new technologies are constantly expanding its use for other animals. PKE is an integral part of a sustainable ecosystem that begins with the Oil Palm Fruit Bunch and includes valuable commodities like Crude Palm Oil. As the world moves toward more circular and sustainable economic models, the value of byproducts like PKE will only continue to grow, securing its vital role in the global bio-economy.