The global demand for sustainable and cost-effective animal feed ingredients is on the rise. In this landscape, Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) has emerged as a crucial component, offering a powerhouse of nutrients derived from the palm oil industry. This guide explores everything you need to know about this valuable by-product.

Whether you are a livestock farmer, a feed formulator, or simply curious about agricultural commodities, understanding the role of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) is essential. It represents a significant step towards a more circular economy by turning a processing residue into a high-value feedstuff.

What is Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)?

A Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) is a by-product from the mechanical extraction of oil from the Palm Kernel of the palm fruit. After the palm kernels are crushed in an expeller press to release palm kernel oil, the remaining solid, fibrous material is the PKE. It is a highly palatable feed ingredient with a pleasant nutty smell.

It’s important not to confuse PKE with Palm Kernel Meal (PKM). While often used interchangeably, PKM is typically produced using solvent extraction, which results in a lower residual oil content. The Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) discussed here retains a higher fat level, making it a better source of energy.

How is Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) Produced?

The journey to creating PKE begins at the palm plantation. The production is a multi-step mechanical process that avoids the use of harsh chemicals, preserving the nutritional integrity of the final product.

The Key Production Steps:

1. Harvesting & Sterilization: Fresh Oil Palm Fruit Bunch are harvested and sterilized with steam to halt enzymatic activity.
2. Threshing: The fruit is separated from the bunch.
3. Oil Extraction: The flesh of the fruit is pressed to extract Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The remaining nuts are dried and cracked to release the palm kernels.
4. Kernel Crushing: The kernels are crushed and cooked before being fed into a mechanical screw press (expeller). This process extracts the valuable Palm Kernel Oil.
5. Final Product: The solid, protein-rich biomass left behind is the Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE). It is then cooled, dried, and prepared for distribution.

Nutritional Specifications of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)

The value of any feed ingredient lies in its nutritional profile. Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) is prized for its balanced content of protein, fiber, and energy (fat). While exact values can vary based on the extraction process and kernel quality, here is a typical analysis.

For a detailed scientific breakdown, you can review its profile on Feedipedia, a resource managed by leading agricultural institutes.

The Top 4 Benefits of Using PKE in Animal Feed

Incorporating Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) into livestock diets offers several compelling advantages, making it a popular choice globally.

1. High Cost-Effectiveness

Compared to mainstream feed ingredients like soybean meal or corn, PKE is often a more economical choice. This allows farmers to reduce feed costs without compromising on essential nutrients, improving overall farm profitability.

2. Excellent Energy Source

The significant residual oil content makes PKE an energy-dense feed. This is particularly beneficial for dairy cattle, as the energy supports higher milk yields and improved milk fat content. Studies have shown the positive economic impact of such alternative feeds, as detailed in research by the Journal of Agriculture and Food Security.

3. Sustainable and Eco-Friendly

As a by-product, PKE utilization is a prime example of a circular economy. It ensures that every part of the palm fruit is used, minimizing waste. By utilizing materials like Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) and even Palm Kernel Shell for energy, the industry reduces its environmental footprint and contributes to sustainable livestock farming.

4. Rich in Digestible Fiber

The high fiber content is a major benefit for ruminants like cattle, sheep, and goats. This fiber promotes healthy rumen function, aids digestion, and contributes to a feeling of satiety in the animals.

Primary Uses of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)

The versatility of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) allows it to be used across various livestock sectors. Its application has been a game-changer for many feeding programs.

Feed for Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep, Goats)

This is the largest market for PKE. Its balanced profile of energy, protein, and fiber makes it an ideal supplement for dairy and beef cattle. It’s known to enhance milk quality and support steady weight gain.

Feed for Poultry and Swine

While PKE can be used for monogastric animals like chickens and pigs, its inclusion rates are lower. The high fiber content can be difficult for them to digest. It is typically included at 5-10% of the total diet, often supplemented with enzymes to improve digestibility.

Use in Aquaculture

The aquaculture industry is exploring PKE as a sustainable, plant-based protein source in fish feed. It serves as a partial replacement for more expensive fishmeal, reducing the overall cost of aquaculture production.

Potential Drawbacks and Considerations

While the benefits are clear, it’s crucial to be aware of potential issues with Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) to ensure optimal results.

• Variability in Quality: The nutrient content and shell/grit percentage can vary. Sourcing from a reliable supplier who conducts regular quality checks is essential.
• Amino Acid Profile: PKE is low in essential amino acids like lysine and methionine. Diets, especially for poultry and swine, must be balanced with other protein sources to compensate.
• Storage and Mycotoxins: Like any organic feedstuff, improper storage in humid conditions can lead to mold growth and mycotoxin contamination. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) provides excellent guidelines on managing this risk.

The Global PKE Market in 2025

The global market for Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) continues to grow, driven by the expanding livestock industry. Major producers like Indonesia and Malaysia dominate the supply, while key importers include New Zealand, the European Union, and South Korea.

According to market analysis, such as reports from Grand View Research, the demand is expected to remain strong. The focus in 2025 and beyond will be on traceability and sustainability certifications to ensure the entire palm supply chain adheres to responsible environmental practices.

Your Trusted Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) Supplier

Makmur Amanah Sejahtera provides high-quality palm products such as Palm Kernel Expeller, Palm Kernel Shell, Crude Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, etc. Kindly contact us at WhatsApp +6282140002198 or email us at admin@makmuramanah.co.id.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main difference between PKE and PKM?

PKE (Palm Kernel Expeller) is produced via mechanical pressing, leaving 8-12% residual oil. PKM (Palm Kernel Meal) is produced via solvent extraction, resulting in a lower oil content (1-3%) but slightly higher protein.

Is Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) safe for all animals?

It is safest and most effective for ruminants. For poultry and swine, it should be used at lower inclusion rates and as part of a carefully balanced diet due to its high fiber content.

How should PKE be stored?

It should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight. This prevents mold growth and preserves its nutritional quality.