Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE): The Ultimate Guide to Uses & Specs in 2025

What Exactly is Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)?

Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) is a highly valuable by-product derived from the mechanical extraction of oil from the Palm Kernel. After the kernel is crushed to release its precious Palm Kernel Oil, the remaining fibrous material, or “cake,” is what we know as PKE. This product is a cornerstone of the global animal feed industry due to its balanced nutritional profile, offering a rich source of protein, energy, and fiber.

Often referred to as Palm Kernel Cake (PKC), this ingredient is recognized for its sustainability. By utilizing a by-product from processing the Oil Palm Fruit Bunch, farmers and feed manufacturers contribute to a more circular economy. It is part of the same value chain that produces Crude Palm Oil, reducing waste while providing essential nutrients for livestock. Its consistency and composition make it an excellent ingredient for various animal diets.

Key Specifications of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)

The quality of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) is determined by its nutritional and physical specifications. These factors can vary based on the oil extraction process and the source of the palm kernels. Reputable suppliers provide a Certificate of Analysis to guarantee these metrics.

Nutritional Profile

PKE is prized for its balanced nutritional content, which makes it a versatile feed component. While exact values can differ, a typical analysis is as follows:

• Crude Protein: 14-18%
• Crude Fat (Residual Oil): 8-12%
• Crude Fiber: 12-18%
• Metabolizable Energy: 10-12 MJ/kg
• Moisture: < 10%

This composition makes Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) an excellent source of energy and protein. For a detailed scientific breakdown of its components, you can refer to research on feedstuff analysis from institutions like the Feedipedia programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.

Physical Characteristics

PKE is typically sold as a coarse, gritty meal or compressed into pellets. Its color ranges from light to dark brown. The texture and form are important for mixing into total mixed rations (TMR) and for storage, as consistent pellet size can prevent sorting by animals and reduce dust.

The Top 4 Uses for Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)

The versatility of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) allows it to be used across multiple sectors, though its primary application remains in animal nutrition.

1. Feed for Ruminant Animals

The most common use of PKE is in the diets of ruminant animals like dairy and beef cattle, sheep, and goats. Its high fiber content is beneficial for rumen function, and it serves as a cost-effective source of protein and energy. Studies published on platforms like ScienceDirect have consistently shown its effectiveness in supporting milk production and weight gain.

2. Feed for Non-Ruminant Animals

While its high fiber content can limit its use in large quantities for poultry and swine, PKE is still a valuable ingredient. When used at appropriate inclusion rates, it provides essential amino acids and energy. Ongoing research is focused on using enzymes to improve the digestibility of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) for these animals.

3. Aquafeed Ingredient

The aquaculture industry has also begun incorporating PKE into fish feed formulations, particularly for herbivorous species. It serves as an affordable protein source that can replace a portion of more expensive ingredients like fishmeal, contributing to more sustainable aquaculture practices.

4. Biofuel and Biomass

Beyond animal feed, PKE is gaining traction as a renewable energy source. Its high calorific value makes it an excellent biomass fuel for industrial boilers, where it can be burned to generate steam and electricity, similar to other palm-based biofuels like Palm Kernel Shell. This application aligns with global efforts to shift towards sustainable energy, as highlighted by organizations like the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).

Proven Benefits of Using PKE in Animal Feed

Incorporating Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) into livestock diets offers several compelling advantages for farmers and feed producers.

• Cost-Effectiveness: PKE is often more affordable than other protein sources like soybean meal or corn, helping to lower overall feed costs without compromising on essential nutrients.
• High Energy Content: The residual oil in PKE provides a dense source of energy, which is crucial for milk production in dairy cows and for the growth of beef cattle.
• Sustainable and Eco-Friendly: As a by-product, PKE helps minimize waste from the palm oil industry. Its use supports a more sustainable model of agriculture, a goal actively promoted by organizations like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
• Good Palatability: Most livestock, especially cattle, find PKE to be highly palatable, which encourages consistent feed intake.

Understanding Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) Price Factors

The price of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) is dynamic and influenced by several global market factors. These include the international price of crude palm oil, global supply and demand for animal feed ingredients, freight and logistics costs, and currency exchange rates. As a commodity, prices fluctuate, so it’s essential to consult with suppliers for current rates. For more information on our high-quality Palm Kernel Expeller, please get in touch for the latest pricing.

Potential Drawbacks and Considerations

While PKE is an excellent feed ingredient, there are a few points to consider. Its phosphorus content is not always highly digestible for non-ruminants, and it can have a higher copper content, which requires careful ration formulation, especially for sheep, who are sensitive to copper. Therefore, sourcing high-quality Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) from a trusted supplier is crucial to avoid issues like mycotoxin contamination and ensure a safe, effective product.

Conclusion

Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) stands out as a remarkably versatile, cost-effective, and sustainable commodity. From its primary role in nourishing livestock to its emerging use as a biofuel, PKE demonstrates the power of utilizing industrial by-products efficiently. By understanding its specifications, benefits, and applications, farmers and feed manufacturers can leverage this powerful ingredient to optimize both their production costs and their environmental footprint in 2025 and beyond.