3 October, 2025

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• Palm Kernel Expeller
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Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE): The Ultimate 2025 Guide to Animal Feed Benefits

In the constant search for sustainable, nutritious, and cost-effective animal feed ingredients, the agricultural industry has turned to valuable by-products that deliver exceptional results. One of the most prominent of these is the Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE), a powerhouse of nutrition derived from the palm oil industry. This comprehensive guide will explore everything you need to know about this remarkable feed component.

Understanding the uses, specifications, and benefits of PKE can help farmers and livestock managers optimize animal health and productivity while managing costs effectively. Let’s dive into why PKE is becoming an indispensable part of modern animal nutrition.

1. What Exactly is Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)?

Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) is a by-product from the mechanical extraction of oil from the Palm Kernel of the oil palm fruit. After the palm fruit is processed to extract palm oil, the remaining seed or nut is cracked to reveal the kernel. This kernel is then crushed in an expeller press to release Palm Kernel Oil, and the fibrous, solid material left behind is PKE.

Often referred to as Palm Kernel Cake (PKC), this ingredient is highly valued as a feed for livestock, particularly ruminants like cattle and sheep. Its balanced profile of protein, fiber, and energy makes it a vital component in feed formulations worldwide.

2. How is Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) Produced?

The production of PKE is a straightforward mechanical process that avoids the use of chemical solvents. The palm kernels are first cleaned, dried, and then crushed using a high-pressure screw press, also known as an expeller. This action physically squeezes the oil out of the kernel.

The remaining solid mass, which is the PKE, typically contains a residual oil content of 5-12%. This makes it an excellent source of energy. The process ensures that the resulting feed ingredient is natural and free from chemical residues, a significant advantage in animal nutrition. For a detailed look at the process, the Malaysian Palm Oil Council provides excellent resources.

3. Nutritional Specifications of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)

The nutritional value of PKE can vary slightly based on the oil extraction efficiency and kernel quality, but it generally offers a consistent profile. This makes it a reliable ingredient for feed manufacturers. A typical analysis of the feed is as follows:

Its high fiber content is particularly beneficial for the digestive health of ruminants, while the protein and fat contribute to growth, milk production, and overall animal vitality. For an in-depth nutritional breakdown, Feedipedia is an authoritative resource for animal feed data.

4. The Top 5 Benefits of Using PKE in Animal Feed

Incorporating PKE into animal diets offers numerous advantages that contribute to both animal welfare and farm profitability.

4.1. An Incredibly Cost-Effective Feed Solution

As a by-product, PKE is often more affordable than primary feed crops like soybean meal or corn. This allows farmers to lower overall feed costs without compromising on essential nutrients, directly boosting their bottom line.

4.2. High Fiber Content for Ruminant Health

The high crude fiber content in PKE is ideal for ruminants. It promotes healthy rumen function, aids in cud-chewing, and supports the microbial ecosystem in the digestive tract, which is crucial for nutrient absorption.

4.3. A Sustainable and Readily Available Resource

Utilizing PKE makes the palm oil industry more sustainable by ensuring no part of the fruit goes to waste. Its year-round availability provides a consistent and reliable supply chain for feed producers, unlike some seasonal crops.

4.4. Excellent Source of Protein and Energy

With a good protein level and a high residual oil content, this feed serves as a dual-purpose ingredient. It provides the building blocks for muscle growth and the energy required for daily activities and production (e.g., milk or weight gain).

4.5. Improves Overall Feed Palatability

PKE has a unique, nutty aroma that many animals find appealing. Its inclusion in total mixed rations (TMR) can help encourage feed intake, ensuring livestock receive the complete nutrition they need. This is particularly useful for picky eaters.

5. Common Uses of Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) in Livestock

PKE is a versatile ingredient suitable for a wide range of animals, though inclusion rates vary.

• Dairy and Beef Cattle: It’s an excellent feed for cattle, commonly included at 20-30% of the concentrate ration. It supports milk fat production in dairy cows and provides cost-effective energy for beef cattle. In addition to PKE, the palm industry yields other valuable resources. The entire Oil Palm Fruit Bunch is utilized, producing not just oils but also biomass like Palm Kernel Shell for green energy. The primary oil product, Crude Palm Oil, is a globally traded commodity.
• Sheep and Goats: Like cattle, these small ruminants benefit greatly from the fiber in PKE. It can be a core component of their supplementary feed.
• Poultry and Swine: Due to its high fiber content, PKE is used in lower quantities for monogastric animals like pigs and chickens. However, research published on platforms like ScienceDirect shows that enzyme supplementation can significantly improve its digestibility for these animals.

6. Potential Limitations and Important Considerations

While PKE is highly beneficial, there are a few points to consider. Its gritty texture can sometimes reduce intake if not mixed well. Additionally, due to its oil content, the meal must be stored properly in a cool, dry place to prevent rancidity and mold growth.

Sourcing from reputable suppliers is crucial to ensure a high-quality product free from contaminants. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), maintaining feed safety is paramount for animal health and, by extension, human health.

7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) and Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)?
A: The terms are often used interchangeably. Both refer to the meal left after oil extraction. “Expeller” specifies the mechanical pressing method, which is the most common.

Q2: Is Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) safe for all animals?
A: It is safest and most effective for ruminants. For monogastric animals like poultry and swine, it should be used at lower inclusion levels and ideally with digestive enzymes to enhance nutrient absorption.

Q3: How should PKE be stored?
A: PKE should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight to prevent mold growth and rancidity. Using it within a few months of production is ideal.

8. The Final Verdict on PKE

Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) stands out as a superior animal feed ingredient that is sustainable, cost-effective, and nutritionally rich. Its unique composition provides a valuable source of fiber, protein, and energy, making it particularly advantageous for ruminant diets.

By understanding its benefits and proper application, livestock producers can leverage PKE to enhance animal performance, improve farm profitability, and contribute to a more sustainable agricultural system in 2025 and beyond.

Makmur Amanah Sejahtera provides high-quality palm products such as Palm Kernel Expeller, Palm Kernel Shell, Crude Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, etc. Kindly contact us at WhatsApp +6282140002198 or email us at admin@makmuramanah.co.id.